What to avoid in dog toothpaste? - The Environmental Literacy Council (2025)

Choosing the right toothpaste for your furry friend is crucial for their dental health and overall well-being. While many commercial toothpastes are available, not all are created equal. Some ingredients commonly found in human toothpaste and even some pet-specific brands can be harmful to dogs. Knowing what to avoid is the first step towards ensuring your dog’s oral care routine is both safe and effective. Therefore, the primary ingredients to avoid in dog toothpaste are: fluoride, xylitol, baking soda (in large amounts), artificial preservatives like potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. These substances can range from causing mild stomach upset to severe, even life-threatening, health issues. Let’s delve deeper into why these ingredients are problematic and what safer alternatives you can use.

Harmful Ingredients to Steer Clear Of

Fluoride

While beneficial in human toothpaste for cavity prevention, fluoride is toxic to dogs if swallowed. Unlike humans, dogs don’t rinse and spit; they swallow everything they put in their mouths. Even small amounts of swallowed fluoride can cause stomach upset, vomiting, diarrhea, and, in severe cases, fluoride poisoning, which can lead to more serious health complications. Therefore, it’s paramount to use fluoride-free toothpaste formulated specifically for dogs.

Xylitol

Xylitol is an artificial sweetener that is extremely dangerous for dogs. It’s often found in human toothpaste and some sugar-free products. Even tiny amounts of xylitol can trigger a rapid and dangerous release of insulin in a dog’s body. This can lead to a drastic drop in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia), seizures, liver failure, and even death. Always double-check toothpaste labels and avoid products with xylitol at all costs. Xylitol may also be labeled as wood sugar, birch sugar, or birch bark extract.

Baking Soda

While baking soda is commonly used in DIY dog toothpaste recipes, using large amounts can be problematic. While small amounts are generally considered harmless, excessive ingestion of baking soda can upset your dog’s stomach. It may cause vomiting, diarrhea, and electrolyte imbalances. Commercial dog toothpastes often use a very small amount or a gentler alternative. If you’re opting for DIY, be very careful with the proportions.

Artificial Preservatives: Potassium Sorbate and Sodium Benzoate

These are commonly used to extend the shelf life of products, but they have been linked to allergies and immunotoxicity (organ system toxicity) in some pets. While the evidence isn’t always definitive, it’s prudent to be cautious and opt for toothpastes with natural preservatives or those that are naturally self-preserving.

Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives

These preservatives have been linked to various health issues such as allergies, skin irritation, and even cancer. While they are more commonly found in personal care products, it’s still best to be aware of them and avoid them in your dog’s dental care products.

What Makes a Good Dog Toothpaste?

Safe & Effective Ingredients

Look for dog toothpastes that are specifically formulated for pets and contain safe and effective ingredients such as enzymes, coconut oil, and natural flavorings. Enzymatic toothpastes are designed to help break down plaque and tartar, while coconut oil provides antibacterial benefits. Look for toothpastes accepted by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC); this certification indicates efficacy in plaque and tartar control. Petsmile, for example, is the only toothpaste accepted by VOHC with its proprietary ingredient, Calprox, which dissolves the protein pellicle that plaque adheres to.

Natural and Organic Options

Consider natural options such as RADIUS USDA Organic Canine Pet Toothpaste, which is non-toxic and formulated to clean teeth and prevent tartar. Burt’s Bees dog toothpaste is also a safe option as it’s made from natural ingredients, is cruelty-free, and doesn’t contain colorants, sulfates, or added fragrances.

Flavor Variety

Most dog toothpastes come in flavors that appeal to pets, making the brushing experience more enjoyable. Popular flavors include poultry, malt, vanilla-mint, beef, and seafood. If your dog is picky, experimenting with different flavors might be necessary.

Alternatives to Traditional Toothpaste

Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is a fantastic natural alternative for cleaning your dog’s teeth. It’s safe for consumption, has antibacterial properties, and can help reduce plaque and tartar buildup. Simply rub a small amount on their teeth and gums. You can also mix it with a very small amount of baking soda for a DIY paste.

Dental Wipes and Sprays

Dental wipes are an easy way to clean teeth and gums, especially for dogs who dislike toothbrushes. Dental sprays are also effective in breaking down plaque and freshening breath.

Dental Chews and Toys

Dental chews and toys can also help maintain your dog’s oral hygiene. They mechanically scrape away plaque and tartar as your dog chews. Choose options approved by the VOHC for optimal results. Greenies Dental Chews are examples of VOHC-approved chews.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can I use human toothpaste on my dog?

No, you should never use human toothpaste on your dog. Human toothpaste often contains fluoride and xylitol, which are both toxic to dogs.

2. What happens if my dog swallows toothpaste?

If your dog swallows a small amount of pet-safe toothpaste, it’s generally not a cause for alarm. However, if they ingest human toothpaste or a large amount of any toothpaste, monitor them for symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or seizures, and contact your vet immediately.

3. Is baking soda toothpaste safe for dogs?

Using baking soda in small amounts is generally considered safe, but avoid large quantities. Excessive amounts can upset your dog’s stomach. It’s generally better to use a toothpaste specifically formulated for dogs.

4. What are the signs of xylitol poisoning in dogs?

Symptoms include vomiting, weakness, lethargy, seizures, and liver failure. If you suspect your dog has ingested xylitol, contact your vet or an emergency animal clinic immediately.

5. Is enzymatic toothpaste safe for dogs?

Yes, enzymatic toothpastes are safe for dogs. They typically contain enzymes that help break down plaque, and many come in flavors that dogs find palatable. They do not need to be rinsed.

6. Are there any natural dog toothpaste options?

Yes, many brands offer natural toothpastes using ingredients like coconut oil, aloe vera, and other plant-based substances. Some are certified organic, such as RADIUS USDA Organic Canine Pet Toothpaste.

7. Which toothpaste is recommended by veterinarians?

Petsmile is often recommended by veterinarians as it is the only toothpaste accepted by the VOHC for plaque inhibition with their proprietary ingredient, Calprox.

8. Can I use coconut oil to brush my dog’s teeth?

Yes, coconut oil is a safe and effective natural option for brushing your dog’s teeth. It has antibacterial properties and is safe for them to swallow.

9. Are dog dental chews enough for oral hygiene?

Dental chews can help but they should not be the only part of your dog’s dental hygiene regimen. They are best used in combination with brushing.

10. Does dog toothpaste need to be rinsed?

No, most dog toothpastes are designed to be safe to swallow and don’t require rinsing.

11. Are all dog toothpastes safe for puppies?

Most dog toothpastes are safe for puppies, but always check the label. If unsure, consult your veterinarian. Arm and Hammer dog toothpaste, for example, is made from natural ingredients and is generally safe for puppies.

12. What are the alternatives to brushing my dog’s teeth?

Alternatives include dental wipes, oral sprays, dental chews, and toys. Coconut oil is a natural way to maintain the dog’s teeth as well.

13. How often should I brush my dog’s teeth?

Ideally, you should brush your dog’s teeth daily, but at least 2-3 times a week is recommended.

14. What are the other names for xylitol that I should avoid?

Xylitol might be listed as wood sugar, birch sugar, or birch bark extract. Always read the label carefully.

15. What if my dog refuses to have their teeth brushed?

Start slowly, using your finger first to get them used to the sensation. Try using flavored toothpaste, and be patient and consistent. Use positive reinforcement such as treats to encourage cooperation. If brushing remains difficult, consider using dental wipes or sprays. You can also talk to your vet for additional tips.

By carefully selecting your dog’s toothpaste and avoiding harmful ingredients, you can help your dog maintain good oral health and overall well-being. Always check labels and when in doubt, ask your veterinarian.